Associations Between Reproductive Factors And Frailty In Middle-Aged And Older Women: Evidence From The China Health And Retirement Longitudinal Study

Analytical
Reproductive factors such as the number of biological children, age at menarche, history of abortion, and age at menopause are significantly linked to the risk of frailty in middle-aged and older women.
Author

Gemini

Published

November 10, 2025

As we age, maintaining our health and vitality becomes increasingly important. A recent study sheds light on how a woman’s reproductive history might influence her risk of developing frailty in later life. Frailty is a common condition in older adults characterized by increased vulnerability to poor health outcomes, often involving a decline in strength, endurance, and overall physical function.

The research found several interesting connections. For instance, women who had three or more children showed a 26.6% higher risk of frailty compared to those with two children. The timing of menarche, or a woman’s first menstrual period, also played a role; starting menarche at 18 years or older was associated with a 30.1% higher likelihood of frailty compared to starting at 15 or younger. Similarly, women who experienced menopause (the natural cessation of menstruation) at age 55 or older had a 57.4% higher prevalence of frailty compared to those who went through menopause between 45 and 55 years of age. A history of abortion was also linked to an increased prevalence of frailty.

Conversely, having a shorter reproductive period, specifically 33 years or less, appeared to be a protective factor against frailty. Interestingly, the age at which a woman had her first child did not show a significant association with frailty. These findings suggest that a woman’s unique reproductive journey could offer valuable insights into her potential risk of frailty, paving the way for more personalized health interventions and preventive strategies.


Source: link to paper