Defining Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Butyrate As A Senomorphic: Therapeutic Potential In The Age-Related T Cell Senescence
As we age, our immune system can become less effective, a process known as immunosenescence. A key characteristic of this decline is the accumulation of “senescent” T cells, which are immune cells that have stopped dividing and instead release harmful inflammatory molecules, contributing to various age-related diseases.
Interestingly, our gut microbiome, the community of bacteria living in our intestines, changes with age, often leading to a reduction in beneficial compounds like short-chain fatty acids. One such fatty acid, called butyrate, has been found to be lower in older individuals, and these lower levels are linked to a higher presence of senescent T cells.
New research suggests that butyrate acts as a “senomorphic,” meaning it doesn’t necessarily reverse the aging of these T cells but rather modifies their behavior to be less harmful. The study showed that when aged T cells were exposed to butyrate, they exhibited fewer signs of cellular aging, such as reduced DNA damage and lower levels of harmful reactive oxygen species in their energy-producing mitochondria. Crucially, butyrate also suppressed the release of those pro-inflammatory molecules that senescent cells typically secrete, which are known to drive inflammation throughout the body.
Further experiments in mice demonstrated that transferring gut bacteria rich in butyrate from young mice to older mice helped prevent the buildup of senescent immune cells. These findings highlight the exciting potential of butyrate, perhaps through dietary supplements or other interventions that boost its levels, as a way to combat age-related immune decline, reduce inflammation, and ultimately promote healthier aging.
Source: link to paper