RISING STARS: Targeting Premature Cellular Senescence Using Senomorphic Or Senolytic Agents To Impact Diabetes
Imagine cells in your body that stop dividing but don’t die off. Instead, they hang around, causing trouble by releasing harmful substances. This phenomenon, called ‘cellular senescence,’ is increasingly linked to chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes. These ‘senescent cells’ accumulate in various tissues, especially those involved in metabolism, and contribute to the progression of diabetes and its associated health problems. They do this by creating a state of chronic inflammation and impairing the function of healthy cells. Factors like oxidative stress (damage from unstable molecules), DNA damage, and the shortening of protective caps on chromosomes called telomeres, all play a role in pushing cells into this senescent state. The exciting news is that scientists are exploring new ways to combat this. ‘Senotherapeutic’ agents are a class of compounds designed to target these problematic cells. Some, called ‘senomorphic agents,’ aim to protect cells from becoming senescent in the first place and reduce the harmful substances they release. Others, known as ‘senolytic agents,’ work by selectively eliminating these senescent cells from the body. By either preventing the formation of these troublesome cells or clearing them out, these approaches hold significant promise for not only preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes but also for slowing its progression, reducing complications, and ultimately improving the health of individuals living with the condition. While promising, more research and clinical trials are needed to fully understand their safety and effectiveness.
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