Neurogenesis And Neuroinflammation In Dialogue: Mapping Gaps, Modulating Microglia, Rewiring Aging
As we age, our brains undergo significant changes, including a decline in the production of new brain cells, a process called neurogenesis, and an increase in brain inflammation, known as neuroinflammation. This combination, often referred to as “inflammaging,” contributes to a decline in our thinking abilities and memory. Specialized immune cells in the brain, called microglia, along with other support cells, shift into states that can harm brain function, while the neural stem cells responsible for creating new brain cells lose their regenerative capacity. This review identifies key areas where our understanding of this complex interaction is lacking, such as the diverse roles of different microglia types, how inflammation leaves lasting marks on our genes (epigenetic scars), and the need for more long-term studies. To address these challenges, the paper proposes several innovative strategies. These include using advanced imaging to track brain changes over time, developing ways to specifically control the immune response in certain brain regions, reprogramming brain support cells to be more beneficial, utilizing medications that block inflammatory pathways, and employing gene-editing tools to modify genetic influences. Ultimately, the core message is that the brain’s capacity to generate new cells is not entirely lost with age and can be enhanced by managing the immune system and epigenetic environments, providing a roadmap for delaying age-related cognitive decline.
Source: link to paper