The Hallmarks Of Aging: Paradigms And Scientific Progress
Aging is a complex process, but scientists have identified key underlying mechanisms that drive it. These fundamental processes, often called “hallmarks,” are not just random changes; they are specific biological events that appear as we age, and if worsened, they accelerate aging. Crucially, improving these processes can potentially slow down or even reverse aspects of aging.
These hallmarks include things like damage accumulating in our genetic material (genomic instability), the shortening of protective caps on our chromosomes (telomere attrition), and changes in how our genes are regulated without altering the DNA sequence itself (epigenetic alterations). Other important factors involve the body’s ability to maintain healthy proteins (loss of proteostasis), issues with the energy-producing parts of our cells (mitochondrial dysfunction), and cells that stop dividing and release harmful substances (cellular senescence).
Additionally, the depletion of cells that can repair and regenerate tissues (stem cell exhaustion) and problems with how cells communicate with each other (altered intercellular communication) also play significant roles. These various processes are interconnected, meaning that a problem in one area can affect several others. By understanding these core mechanisms, researchers gain a clearer roadmap for developing therapies aimed at promoting healthier and longer lives.
Source: link to paper