Positioning TERT At The Apex Of Aging
Scientists are increasingly understanding aging not as an unchangeable fate, but as a biological process that can be influenced. A key player in this understanding is a protein called TERT, which is part of an enzyme known as telomerase. While telomerase is famous for its role in maintaining telomeres—the protective caps at the ends of our chromosomes (structures that hold our DNA)—new research suggests its influence is far more extensive.
Beyond simply preserving telomeres, this protein appears to be a master coordinator of several fundamental aspects of aging. It impacts the health of our mitochondria, which are the powerhouses of our cells, and plays a role in epigenetic regulation, which refers to how our genes are switched on or off without changing the underlying DNA sequence. It also affects inflammation, the body’s natural response to injury or infection, and the function of stem cells, which are crucial for repairing and regenerating tissues.
Studies in laboratory models have shown that restoring the levels of this protein to those typically found in younger cells can lead to improvements in various age-related conditions. These benefits include reducing cellular senescence, where cells stop dividing but remain active and can contribute to aging, decreasing tissue inflammation, stimulating the growth of new brain cells (neurogenesis), and enhancing memory and muscle function. Importantly, these improvements have been observed without an increase in cancer, a concern often associated with telomerase activity.
While these findings are promising for extending our “healthspan”—the period of life spent in good health—scientists emphasize the need for careful research. Genetic variations linked to this protein have also been associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, highlighting the importance of thoroughly understanding its mechanisms and ensuring long-term safety before developing new therapies.
Source: link to paper